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Lockheed L-193
The Lockheed L-193 Constellation II was a jet airliner design concept, designed between 1949 and 1953 with a swept wing and engines mounted at the tail. An airliner and tanker version were developed. The latter, in an aerial refueling competition initiated by the United States Air Force (USAF), won and was preferred over the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker. Since the competing Boeing aircraft was ready to fly first, examples were ordered as an interim measure. They performed well enough that the L-193 was never ordered as a tanker, and airliner plans were dropped soon after.
== Design and development ==
The Lockheed L-193 jet was designed between 1949 and 1953. By comparison, Boeing started producing the prototype for the Boeing 707 after the design was completed in 1952. Lockheed sought input from Trans World Airlines for the airliner's requirements and several sub-variants were developed. It was a swept wing with the engines mounted at the tail similar to an Ilyushin Il-62 or Vickers VC-10. It was designed to be slightly smaller than the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 of the time.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.generalatomic.com/jetmakers/chapter7.html )〕 Lockheed used features seen in its previous designs, including tip tanks similar to the Lockheed Constellation and a double-deck fuselage similar to the Lockheed Constitution. The engines were also flush mounted to the fuselage, a feature dropped from most current jet designs.
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